In Last Epoch, Invincibility Frames (commonly called i-frames) are brief moments during which a character is completely immune to damage and other harmful effects. These frames typically occur during certain movement or skill animations, allowing players to avoid damage by timing their actions precisely.

Unlike some other action RPGs, Last Epoch does not grant i-frames on the dodge mechanic. The dodge in Last Epoch is purely a movement skill designed for repositioning and evading attacks, but it does not provide invulnerability during its animation.Instead, i-frames are usually tied to specific skills or movement abilities that explicitly grant temporary invulnerability. For example, teleportation skills or certain leaps may have i-frames, allowing players to pass through dangerous attacks or hazardous ground effects without taking damage.

This design choice encourages players to carefully select and time their skill usage rather than relying on dodge to avoid damage, emphasizing strategic gameplay and build customization.

While i-frames provide absolute immunity for short bursts, Last Epoch also features other layered defensive mechanics such as block, armor, endurance, and resistances that reduce incoming damage rather than negate it entirely.Block can significantly reduce damage taken but does not make a player invulnerable. Armor reduces damage from all sources, not just physical, which differs from some other ARPGs where armor only mitigates physical damage.Endurance provides damage reduction when a player’s health falls below a certain threshold, further enhancing survivability.

In high-difficulty encounters, such as boss fights like Cremorus in the Soulfire Bastion dungeon, i-frames are crucial for avoiding devastating attacks. For instance, movement skills with i-frames can be used to dodge ground effects or projectile attacks that would otherwise deal lethal damage.Players often combine i-frame skills with other defensive layers to create tanky builds capable of surviving intense damage bursts.

In summary, invincibility frames are limited to specific skill animations that grant temporary immunity to damage, and are not part of the dodge mechanic. This system encourages strategic skill use and build diversity, relying on a combination of i-frames, blocking, armor, and endurance for defense. Mastery of i-frames is especially important in challenging content, where precise timing can mean the difference between life and death.
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Experimental items in Last Epoch are a special category of gear that feature unique "experimental affixes"—powerful hybrid modifiers not found elsewhere in the game. These affixes provide significant bonuses that can greatly enhance certain builds, especially in endgame content, making experimental items highly sought after by players aiming to optimize their characters.

What Are Experimental Items?
Experimental items always contain at least one experimental affix, which can include effects such as:
1. A percentage of Armor mitigating incoming damage over time (DoT)
2. Gaining Ward on kill and increased Ward Decay Threshold
3. Gaining Haste for a short duration after using traversal skills
4. Increased Dodge Rating or Minion Damage
5. Increased Mana Regeneration
These affixes are exclusive to gloves, boots, and belts, and an item can have only one experimental affix. While these bonuses may seem niche during leveling, they become extremely powerful when combined with endgame crafting.

How to Obtain Experimental Items
Experimental items drop exclusively from Exiled Mages, minibosses trapped in Rune Prisons scattered throughout the campaign and Monolith of Fate encounters. Defeating an Exiled Mage guarantees at least one experimental item drop, identifiable by a distinctive blue-colored affix. Players typically farm these bosses to acquire experimental gear and crafting materials.

Crafting and Upgrading Experimental Affixes
A key crafting material called the Rune of Research allows players to "lock" an experimental affix onto an item, freeing up affix slots for additional modifiers. This is crucial for maximizing gear efficiency. Using a Glyph of Insight—crafted by sealing experimental affixes with Runes of Research—players can forge experimental affixes onto non-experimental gloves, boots, and belts, provided the item has an open prefix slot.

The process of adding experimental affixes via Glyphs of Insight is deterministic, meaning the affix you receive depends on specific item conditions such as item level, tiers, or forging potential. This allows expert crafters to target desired experimental affixes by tuning their gear before applying the Glyph.

Exalted Experimental Items
Within the Circle of Fortune faction, rare items can upgrade to Exalted rarity, which can include experimental affixes with higher-tier stats (Tier 6 and Tier 7). This upgrade path enables players to obtain some of the most powerful experimental affixes on Exalted and Legendary gear, further enhancing build potential.

Summary
Experimental items in Last Epoch add a unique layer of depth to gear customization, offering exclusive affixes that significantly boost performance in late-game content. Obtained by defeating Exiled Mages and refined through advanced crafting with Runes of Research and Glyphs of Insight, these items are essential for players seeking to push their characters to the highest levels of power and efficiency.
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